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36ALTERNATIVETHERAPIESsepoct2011VOL.17NO.5AProposedCAMConceptualModelInformalreviewofourconceptualmodelsuggestsanumberofnewareasofnewCAMinquiry.Thesemayinclude1investi-gationofthesociodemographiccharacteristicsofindividualswhouseCAMeitherformedicalconditionmanagementvsthosewhouseCAMforotherreasons2examinationoftheimpactofthemediaasadriverofCAMuse3investigationofCAMprac-titionertreatmentenablement4investigationoftherelation-shipbetweenuseofCAMpractitionersandCAMproductsorself-treatmenttherapies5examinationofpersonallocusofcontrolbasedonthetypeofCAMuseand6evaluationofthefactorsthatresultincontinuousCAMtreatment.Howeverthereexistanumberofinherentlimitationsofourconceptualmodel.FirstourmodeldemonstratespotentiallinearrelationshipsoffactorsrelatedtoCAMusebasedlargelyintheo-ry.Someauthorsarguethatlinearparadigmstoexplainhealthserviceutilizationaltogetherareflawedashumanbehaviormightbestbeexplainedusingchaostheory.43SecondourmodeldoesnotpredictorquantitativelymeasureCAMuse.LastlyourmodelisfocusedonCAMutilizationandneglectstoincorporatetheimpactofconcurrentmedicalcareorreferraltoCAMprac-ticesbypractitionersofconventionalmedicine.AsCAMhealthservicesresearchfurtherdevelopsaconcep-tualmodelthatdescribesCAMusemaybevaluable.Weproposeaconceptualmodelthatcombinesprominentsociologicandpsy-chologicaltheoriesthatspeciGcallyaddressestheuniqueaspectsofCAMusewhichmayhelpdirectfutureresearchandeduca-tionalactivities.REFERENCES1.EisenbergDMDavisRBEttnerSLetal.TrendsinalternativemedicineuseintheUnitedStates1990-1997resultsofafollow-upnationalsurvey.JAMA.19982801801569-1575.2.EisenbergDMkesslerRCFosterCNorloc6FECal6insDRDelbancoTL.UnconventionalmedicineintheUnitedStates.Prevalencecostsandpatternsofuse.Nx0Englx0Jx0Med.19933284246-252.3.NiHSimileCHardyAM.UtilizationofcomplementaryandalternativemedicinebyUnitedStatesadultsresultsfromthe1999nationalhealthinterviewsurvey.Medx0Care.2002404353-358.4.ParamoreLC.Useofalternativetherapiesestimatesfromthe1994RobertWoodJohnsonFoundationNationalAccesstoCareSurvey.Jx0Painx0Symptomx0Manage.199713283-89.5.BarnesPMBloomBNahinRL.ComplementaryandalternativemedicineuseamongadultsandchildrenUnitedStates2007.Natlx0Healthx0Statx0Report.2008Dec10121-23.6.BarnesPMPowell-GrinerEMcFannkNahinRL.ComplementaryandalternativemedicineuseamongadultsUnitedStates2002.Advx0Data.2004May273431-19.7.BishopFLLewithGT.WhousesCAMAnarrativereviewofdemographiccharacteris-ticsandhealthfactorsassociatedwithCAMuse.Evidx0Basedx0Complementx0Alternatx0Med.2008Mar13.Epubaheadofprint8.BishopFLYardleyLLewithGT.Asystematicreviewofbeliefsinvolvedintheuseofcomplementaryandalternativemedicine.Jx0Healthx0Psychol.2007126851-867.9.Noauthorslisted.DeGninganddescribingcomplementaryandalternativemedicine.PanelonDeGnitionandDescriptionCAMResearchMethodologyConferenceApril1995.Alternx0Therx0Healthx0Med.19973249-57.10.ZollmanCVic6ersA.WhatiscomplementarymedicineBMJ.19993197211693-696.11.LorencAIlan-Clar6eYRobinsonNBlairM.HowparentschoosetouseCAMasys-tematicreviewoftheoreticalmodels.BMCx0Complementx0Alternx0Med.2009Apr2299.12.EarpJAEnnettST.Conceptualmodelsforhealtheducationresearchandpractice.Healthx0Educx0Res.199162163-171.13.YussmanSMRyanSAAuingerPWeitzmanM.Visitstocomplementaryandalterna-tivemedicineprovidersbychildrenandadolescentsintheUnitedStates.Ambulx0Pediatr.200445429-435.14.SiroisFMGic6ML.Aninvestigationofthehealthbeliefsandmotivationsofcomple-mentarymedicineclients.Socx0Scix0Med.20025561025-1037.15.UpchurchDMBur6eADyeCChyuLkusuno6iYGreendaleGA.AsociobehavioralmodelofacupunctureusepatternsandsatisfactionamongwomenintheUnitedStates2002.Womensx0Healthx0Issues.200818162-71.16.HildrethkDElmanC.Alternativeworldviewsandtheutilizationofconventionalandcomplementarymedicine.Sociox0Inq.200777176-103.17.kelnerMWellmanB.Healthcareandconsumerchoicemedicalandalternativethera-pies.Socx0Scix0Med.1997452203-212.18.TsaoJCDobalianAMyersCDZeltzerLk.Painanduseofcomplementaryandalter-nativemedicineinanationalsampleofpersonslivingwithHIV.Jx0Painx0Symptomx0Manage.2005305418-432.19.Hendric6sonDZollingerBMcClearyR.Determinantsoftheuseoffourcategoriesofcomplementaryandalternativemedicine.Complx0Healthx0Practx0Rev.20061113-26.20.Fouladba6hshJMStommelM.ComparativeanalysisofCAMuseintheU.S.cancerandnoncancerpopulations.Jx0Complx0Integrx0Med.200851article19.21.Fouladba6hshJMStommelM.Usingthebehavioralmodelforcomplementaryandalter-nativemedicinetheCAMhealthcaremodel.Jx0Complx0Integrx0Med.200741article11.22.TestermanJkMortonkRMasonRARonanAM.Patientmotivationsforusingcom-plementaryandalternativemedicine.Complx0Healthx0Practx0Rev.20049281-92.23.HendersonJWDonatelleRJ.Therelationshipbetweencancerlocusofcontrolandcomplementaryandalternativemedicineusebywomendiagnosedwithbreastcancer.Psychooncology.200312159-67.24.HeddersonMMPattersonRENeuhouserMLetal.Sexdifferencesinmotivesforuseofcomplementaryandalternativemedicineamongcancerpatients.Alternx0Therx0Healthx0Med.200410558-64.25.BishopFLYardleyL.WhydopeopleusedifferentformsofcomplementarymedicineMultivariateassociationsbetweent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